{"id":1165,"date":"2024-04-11T20:55:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T20:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.worcester.edu\/magazine\/?p=1165"},"modified":"2024-04-12T00:00:13","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T00:00:13","slug":"worcester-state-physicist-returns-to-nepal-to-tackle-air-pollution-with-fulbright-award","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worcester.edu\/magazine\/2024\/04\/11\/worcester-state-physicist-returns-to-nepal-to-tackle-air-pollution-with-fulbright-award\/","title":{"rendered":"Worcester State physicist returns to Nepal to tackle air pollution with Fulbright Award"},"content":{"rendered":"

Like much of Southeast Asia, Nepal is plagued by some of the globe\u2019s worst air pollution, and it is causing serious <\/span>health problems<\/span><\/a>, from respiratory and cardiovascular damage to reproductive and gastrointestinal malfunctioning.<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

Worcester State physicist and air pollution expert Dr. Nabin Malakar, who was born in Nepal, has been tracking air pollution in Southeast Asia since 2011 using NASA\u2019s satellite\"\" data sets. He has wanted to bring his expertise back home and work with Nepali scientists to tackle the problem. In the fall of 2023, Malakar got that opportunity when he received a prestigious Fulbright Specialist Award to spend the semester in Nepal collaborating with scientists at the Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences. Malakar said he was humbled and honored that Fulbright saw the potential of his work to make a difference.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis matter is near and dear to my heart,\u201d said Malakar, an associate professor in the department of Earth, Environment, and Physics. \u201cSometimes you can see Kathmandu, Nepal, ranked among the world\u2019s most polluted cities, which can be distressing, especially knowing the impact of breathing such polluted air on its inhabitants.\u201d<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Malakar is optimistic about effecting change, drawing on the success of air pollution policies in the U.S. that have previously demonstrated significant improvements. \u201cThrough the implementation of appropriate policies and putting them into action, it\u2019s possible to see tangible results within our lifetimes,\u201d he emphasized.<\/span><\/p>\n

Air pollution in Nepal is driven by a combination of factors\u2014transboundary pollution from neighboring countries, local fuel and cooking practices, industrial and vehicular emissions, forest fires, and meteorological activity. Overall pollution levels are about <\/span>five times higher<\/span><\/a> than recommended by the World Health Organization.<\/span><\/p>\n

During his time in Nepal, Malakar was hosted by fellow scientists and friends Basant and Susma Giri, who founded the <\/span>Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences. He worked <\/span>with them and other colleagues at the institute to connect the satellite data sets with ground-level data that reveals just what people are inhaling. \u201cThere are not a lot of instruments to gather this ground-level data,\u201d he said. \u201cI wanted to close that gap by going on the ground and enabling people to collect the data.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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The group established two data collection stations in Dang Valley in midwest Nepal. Malakar trained 11 emerging scientists to use low-cost pollution sensors, remote sensing techniques, data analysis, model development, and public health communications. Malakar continues to meet with them remotely every week to review and analyze the data.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s like going home to bring the knowledge you have to train the next generation of scientists, to affect the people impacted, and to contribute to policy change,\u201d Malakar said. \u201cYou can say the air is polluted because you can see the dust and smoke. But you need to know how much pollution there is before you come up with mitigation plans and put any logical limits on emissions. Hopefully this helps policy makers make sense of the numbers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Malakar came to the U.S. in 2006 to earn a Ph.D. at SUNY Albany and did postgraduate research at <\/span>NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His early work was in theoretical physics. Over time, he has expanded his focus to applied research and capacity building with the hope of making an impact on public policy to improve public health outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>World Health Organization<\/span><\/a> describes air pollution as \u201ca major threat to health and climate across the globe,\u201d and a risk \u201cfor all-cause mortality as well as specific diseases.\u201d Among the diseases linked to air pollution exposure: stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia. There is also evidence linking air pollution exposure with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, other cancers, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and neurological diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malakar hopes his work will engage the very people who are being impacted by the pollution.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThese people are dying early,\u201d said Malakar. \u201cYou can avoid this damage to life and human health. This information gives power to the people. If they have the information, they can knock on the door and say, \u2018I\u2019m being affected by the ongoing situation, and urge you to take an action.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Scientific research on air pollution and advocacy for solutions has been underway in Nepal for years, said Malakar. \u201cI\u2019m just happy I\u2019m one of the extra hands now available to hopefully change the way things happen,\u201d he said. \u201cThis project resembles making a wish upon a tree, and in return, the tree grants you the wish\u2014the ability to have a tangible impact.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Photos courtesy of Dr. Nabin Malakar<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Like much of Southeast Asia, Nepal is plagued by some of the globe\u2019s worst air pollution, and it is causing serious health problems, from respiratory and cardiovascular damage to reproductive and gastrointestinal malfunctioning. 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